In all over the world, societal development and prompt growing industry have demanded huge per head consumption of Electric Energy. This situation urges the installation of large capacity power plant and transformers for sustainable transmission grid to cater to a large geographical area. This book presents the history, current, upcoming development and comprehensive review/analysis of different transformer protection schemes. Conventional protection schemes of power transformer may operate in anomalies such as Inrush condition, CT saturation during external fault and high resistance internal fault conditions. These deficiencies have been overcome by thorough research which is detailed in the book. Moreover, this book includes various new schemes, based on phasor comparison analysis with sequence component of current as a fault identification with a Wide variation in system parameters & fault conditions. Also based on sequence components, total harmonic distortion, various filtering techniques and derivative-based discrimination of inrush, over-excitation, and various CT saturation conditions are elaborated in detail. The book includes Machine Learning based signal classification.