This work offers an and up-to-date overview of current medical knowledge about the pre- and post-natal diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment and post-operative evaluation of transposition of the great arteries. It also gives a historical review of the most important developments in paediatric cardiology over the past 25 years, since Dr. Rashkind created an atrial septal defect to treat complete transposition of the great arteries, and dramatically changed the natural course of this cyanotic heart defect. Also covered are efforts for prenatal echocardiographic diagnosis and neonatal surgical repair as attempts to further reduce the present, already low neonatal mortality.