A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects either the lower or the upper urinary tract. The infection that affects the lower urinary tract is called bladder infection, whereas the one that affects the upper urinary tract is known as kidney infection. Escherichia coli, a bacterium of the genus Escherichia, is the primary cause of urinary tract infection. Some other forms of bacteria and fungi may also cause such infections. The diagnosis of urinary tract infection is based on a presentation of symptoms such as pain with urination, fever, constant need to urinate, flank pain, etc. and urine culture. In most cases, it can be treated with a course of antibiotics. In more complicated cases, intravenous antibiotics may be used. This book contains some path-breaking studies related to the causes, diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection. This book includes contributions of experts and doctors, which will provide innovative insights to readers.