EDWARD M. SPIERS has been the Professor of Strategic Studies at Leeds University since 1993. He has written Haldane: an Army Reformer; Army and Society: 1815-1945; Radical General: Sir George de Lacy Evans; Chemical Warfare; Chemical Weapons and Biological Weapons: a Study of Proliferation; and has edited Sudan: the Reconquest Reassessed. He has also written may articles on contemporary defence issues and aspects of military history.